Macbeth violence free essay sample

Gothic literature opens up explorations of violence. Whilst Macbeth conforms to the key gothic feature, it could be argued that Shakespeare often uses the violence in excess, desensitising the audience and taking away the desired effect. The structure of Macbeth introduces the audience firstly to legitimate violence, through to illegitimate violence and finally a loss of control. The beginning of the play sees â€Å"noble† Macbeth rewarded for â€Å"unseeming† a man â€Å"from the nave to the chops† in battle, whilst this violence may be controversial among a modern audience, it would have been condoned by a jacobean audience. Macbeth’s meeting with the witches can be seen as a pivotal point in the play, as it is here the the violence takes a sinister turn. Shakespeare structures the play so that a majority of the killings are performed off stage, whilst this does not necessarily conform to the idea of ‘excessive violence’ the audience are introduced to inordinate violence through the reactions of the characters. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shakespeare shows the audience how things are going to change with Lady Macbeth’s â€Å"unsex me here† monologue. She states â€Å"come to my womans breasts and take my milk for gall†, the speech sees Lady Macbeth want to strip herself of symbols of nurture and womanhood, it could be argued that this acts as a pivotal point to set the reader up for the murders, as killing and violence is often associated with masculinity. Lady Macbeth is acting extreme, and shows that she is willing to do whatever necessary to seize the throne, critics may suggest that is is the preparation given to the audience that means the violence ‘ceases too have any effect’ rather that the ‘excess’ of the violence in the play. The language used in Macbeth enables the introduction of excess violence and also highlights the loss of control experienced by both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Whilst at the beginning the of the play Lady Macbeth states â€Å"a little water will clear us of this deed† she later asks herself â€Å"who’d have thought the old man to have so much blood in him†. Lady Macbeth’s language allows the audience to feel the effect of murders despite not seeing them performed. The audience are arguably not shown an ‘excess’ of violence on stage, despite this it could be argued that the effect the violence has on the protagonists introduces the audience the excessive violence. Macbeth feels he is â€Å"in blood so far stepped† the statement in itself shows the audience that Macbeth feels trapped by his actions, however it also highlights the magnitude of consequences that Macbeth and his wife now face, it could be argued that the excessive violence ceases to have any effect on the audience due to the fact they are more involved in seeing the consequences. Whilst a lot of the physical violence happens off stage, the audience are shown what could be argued to be an excess of psychological violence on stage. Lady Macbeth takes control in the beginning of the play, telling macbeth to â€Å"act like the innocent flower but be the serpent under it† however the psychological consequences due to guilt soon start to show as Lady Macbeth loses control. â€Å"out damn spot† can be argued to be a clear reference to blood, and whilst before only a â€Å"little water† was needed to dismiss the evidence of the murders, Lady Macbeth now questions whether â€Å"all great Neptune’s ocean† will clear her of the guilt. Lady Macbeth’s fall to insanity another key gothic feature shows the audience how the guilt, as a result of the murders is having an excessive effect on Lady Macbeth’s mind. Macbeth also suffers with self inflicted psychological violence, when confronted with Banquo’s ghost. It could be argued that it is the directors choice that will determine what effect the psychological violence will have on the audience. Whilst some may chose to allow the audience to share Macbeth’s thoughts by making the ghost visible, others may force Macbeth to be alone with his thoughts, by keeping the ghost hidden. The psychological violence in Macbeth may be interpreted differently by the audience, whilst Macbeth has being unstable from the beginning of the play, making his psychological outbursts excessive, the audience have seen Lady Macbeth’s loss of control, arguably making her psychological violence more affective because it is not seen in excess. Overall some members of the audience may feel like the play lacks tension and surprise, and therefore the violence may cease of have any effect on them, however some critics may suggest that it is the excess in itself that evokes the reaction from the audience and makes Macbeth such a violent, controversial play.

Cultural Use of Body Art essays

Cultural Use of Body Art essays Body art, body modification, tattoo, whatever called, it is an art form that is a staple of several cultures across the globe. It is arguably claimed to have existed since 12,000 years BC, with purposes varying from culture to culture and its place on the time line, but there are commonalties that prevail form the earliest known tattoos to those being done today on college students here in Indiana. Though the art is very wide spread, the following will mainly be concentrated on three culture areas, the Islands of Polynesia, Early Japan, and modern America. Body art has been a part of Polynesian culture since people first landed there. From Hawaii to New Zealand to Easter Island, natives have worn tattoos for a variety of reasons. The Maori men have ornate full body markings and even some women have chin and lip tattoos that coincide with their descent. There markings are sort of a family crest, that designates there social status. In Samoa, the Pe'a, a full body suit, represents initiation into adulthood. No matter what accomplishments one might have, the males are still considered boys until their Pea is complete. When a young man is deemed ready to receive the Pe'a, a tattooist is chosen, and the process begins. Once the tattoo is completed, a ceremony occurs which marks the young man's shift from childhood into adult life. Women here have more markings than in other areas. Although not as elaborate as the males, it is still of great importance. They also mark criminals in a demeaning, public ritual meant to discourage others again st crime. The most extensive and exquisite marking takes place in the Marquesas. Some have tattoos with very intricate detail, while others tell a story, and yet others might be very extensive and cover the entire body. The method of marking the skin in these cultures is a very archaic and painful ritualistic process. A needle attached to a bone chisel is fashioned and blessed by the tufuga ta ta...

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE CAFFEINE Chemical structure : Mol. Weight : Average: 194.1906 Melting point : 238  °C State : solid Water solubility : 2.16E+004 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life : 3 – 7 hours in geriatrics , 65 – 130 hours in pediatrics Protein Binding : Low protein binding (25 – 36%) Absorption : absorbed after oral and parenteral administration. The peak plasma level of caffeine ranges from 6 to 10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Pharmacology : Caffeine is a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline. It is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other types of headache. Over the counter, caffeine is used to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. Mechanism of Action : Caffeine stimulates med ullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3†²,5†²-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of nor epinephrine or angiotensin, antagonist of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockage of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced â€Å"pounding† of the heart upon caffeine intake. Indication : For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatmen t of apnea of prematurity in neonates. Toxicity : LD 50 = 127 mg/kg (oral dose in mice) ERGOTAMINE Chemical structure : Mol. Weight : Average: 581.6615 Melting point : 213.5  °C State : solid state Water solubility : Slightly soluble Half Life : 2 hours Absorption : The bioavailability of sublingual ergotamine has not been determined. Pharmacology : Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor and alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist. The pharmacology of ergotamine is extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. The drug has partial agonist and antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon the site, and is highly active uterine stimulant. It causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and producing depression of central vasomotor centers. The pain of a migraine attack is due to increased amplitude of pulsations in the cranial arteries, especially the m eningeal branches of the external carotid artery. Ergotamine reduces extra cranial blood flow, causes a decline in the amplitude of pulsation in the cranial arteries, and decreases hyper perfusion of the territory of the basilar artery. It does not reduce cerebral hemispheric blood flow. Mechanism of Action : Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of the two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT 1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arteriole-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine, and 2) Activation of 5-HT 1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system which results in inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Indication : For use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular type of headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called â€Å"histaminic cephalalgia†. Toxicity : Signs of overexposure including irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrh ea, thirst, coldness of skin, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness, tingling of extremities, and confusion. CYCLIZINE

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Midterm - Essay Example There are things that come into realization once the person is in tune with his spirituality, and often times it would even be life changing. c. Culture, gender and religion are important factors when counseling a family with HIV/AIDS. Culture dictates what should be and should not be – taboos; gender has its implications as well, women especially from minority groups and has low-income suffer psychological distress (Catz et al, 2003); Like for example, in the case of Latino culture, women are expected to be submissive to men while the men are expected to prove themselves. The concept of â€Å"machismo† dictates that males who had sexual intercourse with more women are more of a man than the others who have not. This of course plays a major role in the spread of the virus. e. Those who have been diagnosed positive of HIV are prone to domestic violence – usually in terms of physical and verbal. Some women may be beaten, forcing them to have sex or emotionally blackmailed, usually with guilt trips by men also forcing them to have sex. Women, particularly African American, who are infected by HIV/AIDS are more likely to be victims of physical and verbal abuse compared to those who are not infected (Jones et al, 2003). a. When counseling adolescents, it is important to point out to them that sexual behavior and sexual orientation is different so as to make things clearer and easier for them. Sexual orientation is simply a component of identity, and sexual behavior includes activity. According to Ryan and Futterman (2001) young kids limit sharing about their sexual identities with other gay people as they feel they might be criticized, lose friends, become victims of violence, etc... b. Two negative outcomes which may occur among LGBTQ populations due to internalized homophobia would be the inaccuracy of the information given to teens, and the

Developing a Business Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Developing a Business Model - Essay Example The company should allocate at least 50 percent of future American capacity to small and medium-size cars, so that it can adapt to what is turning out to be a permanent transition to a smaller and more gas-efficient cars. The company should also develop and incorporate flexible body shops in all its American assembly plants to facilitate quick response to evolving consumer needs (Trompenaars and Coebergh, 2014:47). In addition, it should make its entire engine and transmission plants flexible and able to manufacture different combinations of engine and transmission series. Between 2009 and 2011 Ford announced 4 more plant closures as well as its intent to sell or close 4 ACH plants that were remaining. It is imperative for the company to aggressively align its manufacturing capacity to actual demand. Regarding suppliers, the firm should work very hard to boost its US based supply operations, which represent eighty percent of its North American acquisitions. The firm should implement several business practices with its suppliers, aimed at maximising collaboration, supporting data transparency and expanding the capacity of business with desired suppliers, while enhancing its business model to make it m ore sustainable (Schein, 2012:53). The company should also be able to lower the total number of its production suppliers who qualify for significant sourcing, with more reductions to take place in the future. The company should pay special attention to enhancing its women and minority suppliers – which currently represent roughly $4 billion of its yearly $35 billion of acquisitions from American supplier bases. So far, consolidation initiatives have led to, and will lead to, more business for its chief suppliers which will maximise their financial strength. Regarding dealers, Ford currently has too many at its current and forecasted future market share. The

An Inspector Calls Character Profile Essay Example for Free

An Inspector Calls Character Profile Essay Arthur Birling Husband of Sybil, father of Sheila and Eric. He is the owner of Birling and Company, some sort of factory business that employs several girls to work on machines. He is a Magistrate and two years ago, was Lord Mayor of Brumley. Gerald Croft Engaged to Sheila. His parents, Sir George and Lady Croft, are above the Birlings socially, and it seems his mother disapproves of his engagement to Sheila. He works for his fathers company, Crofts Limited, which seems to be both bigger and older than Birling and Company. Sheila Birling Engaged to be married to Gerald. Daughter of Arthur Birling and Sybil Birling, and sister of Eric. Sybil Birling Married to Arthur. Mother of Sheila and Eric. Sybil is, like her husband, a woman of some public influecnce, sitting on charity organizations and having been married two years ago to the Lord Mayor. She is an icily impressive woman, arguably the only one of all the Birlings to almost completely resist the Inspectors attempts to make her realize her responsibilities. Eric Birling Son of Arthur and Sybil Birling. Brother of Sheila Birling. Eric has a drinking problem He works at Birling and Company, and his father is his boss. Inspector Goole The Inspector is in his fifties, and he is dressed in a plain dark suit. He initially seems to be an ordinary Brumley police inspector, but (as his name might suggest) comes to seem something more ominousperhaps even a supernatural being. Edna The parlour maid. Eva Smith A girl who the Inspector claims worked for Birling and was fired, before working for Milwards and then being dismissed. She subsequently had relationships with Gerald Croft and then Eric Birling (by whom she became pregnant).

Cross Cultural Negotiations :: essays research papers

Cross cultural negotiation is one of many specialized areas within the wider field of cross cultural communications. By taking cross cultural negotiation training, negotiators and sales personnel give themselves an advantage over competitors. There is an argument that proposes that culture is inconsequential to cross cultural negotiation. It maintains that as long as a proposal is financially attractive it will succeed. However, this is a naà ¯ve way of approaching international business. Let us look at a brief example of how cross cultural negotiation training can benefit the international business person: There are two negotiators dealing with the same potential client in the Middle East. Both have identical proposals and packages. One ignores the importance of cross cultural negotiation training believing the proposal will speak for itself. The other undertakes some cross cultural training. He/she learns about the culture, values, beliefs, etiquette and approaches to business, meetings and negotiations. Nine times out of ten the latter will succeed over the rival. This is because 1) it is likely they would have endeared themselves more to the host negotiation team and 2) they would be able to tailor their approach to the negotiations in a way that maximises the potential of a positive outcome. Cross cultural negotiations is about more than just how foreigners close deals. It involves looking at all factors that can influence the proceedings. By way of highlighting this, a few brief examples of topics covered in cross cultural negotiation training shall be offered. Eye Contact : In the US, UK and much of northern Europe, strong, direct eye contact conveys confidence and sincerity. In South America it is a sign of trustworthiness. However, in some cultures such as the Japanese, prolonged eye contact is considered rude and is generally avoided. Personal Space & Touch: In Europe and North America, business people will usually leave a certain amount of distance between themselves when interacting. Touching only takes place between friends. In South America or the Middle East, business people are tactile and like to get up close. In Japan or China, it is not uncommon for people to leave a gap of four feet when conversing. Touching only takes place between close friends and family members. Time: Western societies are very ‘clock conscious? Time is money and punctuality is crucial. This is also the case in countries such as Japan or China where being late would be taken as an insult. However, in South America, southern Europe and the Middle East, being on time for a meeting does not carry the same sense of urgency.